The Killer Angels :: essays research papers

The novel starts out when Harrison, a Confederate spy, reports to James Longstreet that 80,000 to 100,000 Union soldiers have marched within 200 miles of Lee's position near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Harrison also bears news of a change in Union leadership. Major General George Meade had replaced "Fighting Joe" Hooker as commander of the Union Army. Lee sees this change as an opportunity to strike while the new commander gets his bearings. He decides to concentrate on Gettysburg, the small town where several roads in the area converge, where he intends to cut the Union army off from Washington, D.C. First shots are fired at dawn as Rebels attack Buford's dismounted cavalry. Later that day Lee orders Ewell to take control of Cemetery Hill. Ewell did not follow orders and the union gained control of the Hill instead. Late in the afternoon, on the second day, Colonel Chamberlain's 20th Maine regiment is moved into the woods. Colonel Vincent orders Chamberlain not to withdraw from his new position at the left flank of the Union line. The Confederates engage with the Union troops and Chamberlain’s 20th Maine time and time again. Finally when ammunition is low Chamberlain gives the order to â€Å"fix bayonets,† and charges down the hill driving the rebels back. That same day Lee orders Longstreet to attack the Union center, and Longstreet advises against it. â€Å"They will break," Lee insists. He directed Longstreet to take three divisions. Longstreet passes the order along to his generals Pickett, Pettigrew, and Trimble. Pickett and other commanders lose mos t of their men in the battle. As the survivors pull back, Lee finally admits his error to Longstreet, who gives his order to retreat. The two personalities that stand out the most in my mind are Robert E. Lee and Joshua Chamberlain. Lee and Chamberlain share many similarities. They are idealistic, optimistic, and have faith and pride in their men. Both care about their men, yet do not hesitate to use them, including Chamberlain’s own brother, for the sake of the cause. The men under Lee and Chamberlain show them a great deal of respect. Chamberlain is somewhat of a father figure to his men, as is Lee to James Longstreet. Joshua Chamberlain is an unusual man, formerly a college professor, and views the war and the men around him more as a philosopher then a military man. On his march toward Gettysburg he sees a row of dead confederates from a previous battle, and wonders whether the town’s people will give them a decent burial or leave them for the buzzards.

Emily Dickinson vs. Robert Frost Essay

Darkness is usually associated with fear or the unknown. As children, we are afraid of the unknown under our bed that darkness brings, which, in turn, makes our imaginations run wild, creating monsters, ghosts, and of course, the occasional boogeyman. Even as adults, we still have an antipathy to drive at night or go walking alone in the darkness. So it only makes sense that darkness is used in all forms of art to symbolize some kind of fear, unknown thing or place, or a mournful state. Within the world of poetry, the contrast of light and dark can be seen in hundreds of poems, including â€Å"We Grow Accustomed to the Dark† by Emily Dickinson and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† by Robert Frost where the darkness symbolizes something much deeper than just fear. Both poems, â€Å"We grow accustomed to the Dark† and â€Å"Acquainted with the night† use the elements of Light and Dark as symbols within the speakers’ lives. In â€Å"Acquainted with the night† the speaker talks of darkness as his past experiences, most of them not good, and perhaps the depression that accompanied them. He says, â€Å"I have walked out in the rain and back in the rain,† meaning he has been through events, emotion, and sorrows through his life several times, but has managed to come through each one. He talks of how he has seen lugubrious moments when he says, â€Å"I have looked down the saddest city lane.† However, he is either ashamed or just unwilling to elaborate on his experiences in the line, â€Å"I have passed by the watchman on his beat and dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain.† The speaker’s depression is so deep; he feels he has no hope or way of recovering. This is said in the line, â€Å"I have outwalked the furthest city light.† When the speaker gives descriptions of â€Å"the sound of feet† and â€Å"an interrupted cry,† it gives the reader a sense of blindness and furthering the speaker’s darkness and uncertainty of his life. The light that is shed by the â€Å"luminary clock† or the moon shows the prolonging of time that the speaker has to wait for something, possibly hope, to renew the â€Å"light† in his life. The speaker in â€Å"We grow accustomed to the dark† talks of similar things. He talks of problems most face throughout life and difficult decisions that are unavoidable. The darkness in this poem, much like Robert Frost’s, does not talk of literal darkness, but emotional darkness of the speaker. However, he  does not talk about dark as life in general. In the line â€Å"As when the Neighbor holds the Lamps to witness her Goodbye,† Dickinson saying that other people may hold â€Å"light†, meaning hope, faith, or happiness, but sometimes darkness is inevitable. He articulates that when good things are taken away from a person’s life, he must adjust his perception to the â€Å"darkness.† This is said in the line â€Å"Then-fit our Visions to the Dark-. † Then, when he talks of the moon having to sign, he says that not even the moon, usually the brightest light at night, cannot give him hope. He says that brave people will search for things but only fail. That people try to run away from the darkness within them and try to deny it. But in the line â€Å"And sometimes hit a Tree† shows that even when you run from a problem or try to deny it, there will be other problems you run into. However, this halt in moving on only makes that person stronger and wiser, learning from his mistakes. He says the only way to find oneself when there is no light or goodness is to move forward and adjust. The two poems are structured very differently. While Emily Dickinson uses short phrases with long sentences, Robert Frost uses whole sentences that flow easily. In â€Å"We grow accustomed to the dark,† the short words or phrases clumped together add emphasis and description. These cut phrases symbolize inner conflict or struggle within the speaker. The line â€Å"As when the Neighbor holds the Lamp† is one of the few lines that does not have a dash at the end. This is because the light illuminates the darkness, destroying the struggle. Dickinson adds these descriptive phrases to give more imagery to the poem. But still, each phrase and stanza fits with the next, adding to the whole picture of a lightless midnight. An example of the preponderance of dashes and their symbolizism is seen in the line â€Å"Or Star-come out-within-. † This line is about the mental darkness with no solution or â€Å"light† and the amount of dashes adds emphasis to the hopelessness in the search for light. â€Å"Acquainted with the Night,† Frost uses sentences that flow lightly from one to another. This gives the poem an effect of movement. It is read like a story, making it easy for the reader to connect things within the poem. Frost also uses a very steady rhyming scheme to draw the poem all together as whole. The rhyming at the end that corresponds to the beginning brings the reader back to the start of the poem, similar to a  circle and symbolizes the speaker’s recurring sadness. Everyone experiences dark times in his life-some more than others-with what seems like a never ending battle. These two poems, with two different experiences of darkness, tell us that there have been people who went through the same darkness we may be going through. Their dominance through the seemingly maelstrom night gives us hope for a better day. Dickinson and Frost have shed some light into an increasingly darkened world.

Entry Barriers in Liquor Industry

ENTRY BARRIERS IN LIQUOR INDUSTRY When a new firm enters into an industry it can affect all of the firms that are currently in that industry. â€Å"new entrants to an industry bring new capacity, the desire to gain market share, and often substantial resources. Prices can be bid down or incumbents cost inflated as a result, reducing profitability. †24Therefore as new firms enter into an industry the entire industry’s potential for sustained profits is reduced due to the increased amount of competition in that industry. Some factors help reduce the threat of entry as they act as barriers that prevent new firms from entering into an industry. These factors include economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, access to distribution channels, and government regulations. When these factors reduce the threat of entry, the profit potential for the industry increases. Economies of Scale. Economies of scale is defined as the â€Å"declines in unit costs of a product as the absolute volume per period increase† Therefore the greater quantity of a product that is produced the lower the cost of each will be to the producer. This creates an advantage for a high volume producer like those seen in the brewing industry. Economies of scale in the brewing industry also exist in areas other than in production and these include purchasing, distribution, and advertising. For example, national brewers achieve economies of scale in advertising through bulk media purchases and umbrella brand marketing. Local-craft brewers spend more than twice that spent by large brewers on marketing and advertising per barrel. 25 One company in particular, which is Anheuser-Busch, has done an extremely good job in exploiting the economies of scale that are present in the brewing industry. Anheuser-Busch has been able to leverage its 45 percent U. S. market share into 75 percent of the industry’s operating profits through significant economies of scale in the areas of raw material procurement, manufacturing efficiency and marketing. †26 As shown here there are substantial economies of scale available in the national beer brewing industry. This is a good factor for firms that are currently in the industry as the y can take advantage of these unit cost breaks and while doing so also discourage the entry of new firms into the industry. Product Differentiation. in general, people cannot tell the difference between brands of beer. Second, more expensive brands do not cost proportionately more to make than â€Å"economy† beer. Capital Requirements. The capital requirements necessary to compete on the national level against the established firms are extremely high. These high costs of operation and construction expenses act as a barrier to entry for firms that are considering trying to compete in this industry on the highest level. Access to Distribution Channels. When a new firm is trying to enter into an industry it can find that existing competitors may have ties with [distribution] channels based on long relationships. Government Regulation. The government's excise policy is subject to a lot of sudden changes. The manufacturers sometimes just need to get their L-1 licenses renewed and at times they need to apply afresh, like in the year 2001. In 1993, the L-1 license holders were allowed to set up 5 ‘dedicated' shops in Delhi in which they could sell their approved brands in addition to having them sold in the government retail shops. The policy was withdrawn in an ad-hoc manner in 1994. On being questioned about the effects of this policy, an official in one of the country's leading breweries said that the introduction of this policy had led to an increase in their revenue by almost 30% which they have lost out on since the policy got crushed. Recently, the government's policy to open up 45 private liquor shops was quashed by the cabinet, because it meant that the MLA's power in the issue of a no-objection certificate for the setting up of a retail outlet would be questioned. Had this policy been implemented, the government would have earned Rs. 7. 5 lakhs on each vend as license fees annually.

Egg Shell Lab

Michelle Fishman Period 11 TCA #3 TITLE: Egg Shell Lab OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the amount of calcium carbonate content of brown and white eggshells. MATERIALS: white and brown eggshells, water, deionized water, beaker, pipet, flask, test tube brush, funnel, hotplate, mortar, pestle, ethanol, HCl, phenolphthalein indicator, sodium hydroxide PROCEDURE: (Complete for both white and brown eggshells) 1. Get one egg and beaker and bring it to your lab station. 2. Break the egg into a beaker. 3.Add water to the egg and stir before you pour it down the drain. 4. Wash the shell with deionized water and peel off the membranes from the inside of the shell. Dry your eggshell and put into a labeled beaker. 5. Wash your hands. 6. Dry the shell for about 10 minutes in the oven. 7. Grind the shell to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. 8. Weigh between 0. 450 and 0. 550 grams of dried shell into each of the 3 labeled 250mL flasks. 9. Make sure to record the exact mass of the shell in each flask. 10. Add a few drops of ethanol to each flask. 1. Pour 40 mL of 1. 0M HCl into a beaker. 12. Put 10. 0 mL of the 1. 0M HCl to each 250mL flask containing the eggshells. Whirl the flasks to make sure all of the solids get wet. Be sure to spill any extra HCl into the sink with water. 13. On a hotplate, heat the solutions in the 250 mL flasks until they boil and then wait for them to cool. Be careful not to let them boil dry. Rinse flask with water. 14. Carefully, add 3-4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to each flask. 15. Using a funnel, fill a buret partly with 0. 00 M sodium hydroxide, to rinse it. Empty the buret into the sink. Then, pour NaOH solution into the buret just above the top mark. Spill out some excess solution to remove all of the bubbles from the top. If there is not enough solution, refill some more into the buret. Read and record the initial volume to  ± 0. 01 mL. 16. Add one sample to the first pink color. The color will fade once you are close to th e endpoint. Add the excess NaOH little by little with a dropper pipet until the color is constant for at least 30 sec.Read and record the final volume to  ±0. 01 mL. Once the volume is added, it is the difference between the initial and final readings (to  ± 0. 01 mL) 17. Repeat for the other samples. 18. Calculate the average value and the percent calcium carbonate in each sample. 19. Wash the egg residue out of the flask. CONCLUSION QUESTIONS 1)The amount of eggshell a student uses changes the outcome of the lab. It does matter because calcium may be unevenly distributed throughout the shell and there may be different concentrations around the eggshell.If the student doesn’t add a certain amount of eggshells, the experiment will not have the correct outcome. 2)A student would be sure they added a sufficient amount of acid to completely react with all of the calcium carbonate by making the proper measurements. If there is not enough chemical activity like fizzing for exa mple, the student can adjust the amount by adding more acid to make a greater reaction. 3)If the student failed to add sufficient HCl, it would affect their data in many ways.Insufficient amounts oh HCl would not produce a complete reaction. The uneven amount would cause the reaction with CaCO3 to be unequal, so all the results would be directly affected. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) â€Å"CHEM 1102. † Eggshell Experiment. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. 2) â€Å"CHEM-212 Eggshell Lab. † CHEM-212 Eggshell Lab. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. 3) â€Å"Stoichiometry. † Chem4Kids. com: Reactions:. Andrew Rader Studios, 1997-2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. 4) â€Å"To Determine the Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells†

Outline the customer decision-making process and the influences on Essay

Outline the customer decision-making process and the influences on customer behavior - Essay Example For example: the customer realizes that he/she is on a very unhealthy diet and the cafes they eat in offer very unhealthy food. The marketers need to realize that consumers need a cafà © where they can obtain affordable food and the food should be healthy. Once the need has been identified by the consumer, next the consumer starts looking for alternatives to satisfy that particular need (Longenecker, 2012, p.57). After identifying alternatives, the customer is involved in the practice of evaluating these alternatives in order to select the best option that satisfies his/her needs (Hoyer, 2001, p.193). While looking for options the customer first looks for options he already knows about and is available in the market. The customer is mostly aware of only those brands and options that have advertised their goods and services in an aggressive manner. For example: While locating a cafà © where an individual can eat healthy food at reasonable prices, the customer may look at various options available to him/her. Once the customer has evaluated all its options, they will make the purchase decision (Longenecker, 2012, p.425). The purchase decision is dependant on various factors including how well the brand have been advertised, customer will always go for those brands that have been advertised well enough (Berkowitz, 1996, p.125). The purchase decision is even dependant on the accessibility of the option. For example: if the customer wishes to eat healthy at a cafà ©, then he/she would select a cafà © that offers healthy food. The third element on which this decision is dependant on is whether the customer has made a planned decision or has made a decision spontaneously. For example: while locating cafes that offer healthy food, customer will look at the sales representatives of the cafà © and the over all environment of the cafà ©. These decisions can be taken into account by

Evaluating And Meeting Security Needs Research Paper

Evaluating And Meeting Security Needs - Research Paper Example This has numerous benefits, but also, great risks and vulnerabilities to the data. The most significant threat is that, if the data is tampered with or changed, it is all compromised at once. This paper will analyze the information security needs of the Light Walkers Company Ltd, and propose ways for meeting those needs within a network information systems architecture framework. The Light Walkers Company Ltd runs on an enterprise system structure where all the data and information system functions are centralized. The employment and integration of this system brings about great advantages to the organization. The limitations, though few, can be analyzed (Dhilon, 2006). One of the major concerns is the protection of data from intruders. Because of the centralization if its functions, Light Walkers Ltd is at a great risk of intrusion and illegal access to its files. If it is hacked, the hacker/intruder would have access to all their information. If it is infected by a virus, all their business files, due to their centrality, will also be damaged (Arison & Torkzadet, 2008). Unauthorized access from within the organization is also another security risk. Unauthorized personnel may access the system and alter data. This can happen accidentally or with intended malice, so as to gain from the data alteration. For these reasons, access to files in an information system running on enterprise architecture needs to be regularly and strictly monitored. In such a system, alteration or deletion of data may have disastrous effects. Another form of risk that the data faces is the risk of loss. As a result of the centralization of its functions, most information regarding the operation of Light Walkers Ltd is kept close together. If loss or damage was to occur to the storage and operating station, all the data would be lost at once. These are some of the security needs faced by this organization. Many of these problems are faced by organizations or companies running information systems on this platform (Arison & Torkzadet, 2008). One of the major problems that face centralization of data is the possibility of intrusion. To prevent this breach, the information should be kept in a secure place where access is heavily restricted. If the information is being transferred over a network, the information must be encrypted to prevent tampering with the information as it crosses the network. There are several ways in which intruders can access, change, tamper or modify the data (Dhilon, 2006). The problem of unauthorized access is also rampant in enterprise integrated systems. This can be handled by placing privileges on the personnel that have access to the data. This helps monitor who has had access to the systems and the changes that they have made. Also, because of the risk of tracking, administrators are advised to regularly change their credentials to achieve a high level of security (Dhilon, 2006). The use of ‘once off’ passwords should also be employed to levels where critical data is stored. This reduces risk of unauthorized access. Viruses and malicious computer programs are designed to damage a system. These programs usually attack vulnerable systems, and the damage they cause can be monumental because of the unexpected behavior of these programs. Light Walkers Ltd should have fully activated and

Mental Effects Of Vietnam War On Soldiers Research Paper

Mental Effects Of Vietnam War On Soldiers - Research Paper Example Following the end of the war the Americans lost 58000 lives and almost 350,000 were seriously injured. After the end of the war when the Americans returned home majority of them did not either want to talk about the war or they were so much frightened by the devastations of the war that they remained stunned and silent. The only war which the United States lost was this. An essence of moral degeneration also played very strong in the minds of the Americans. The dangerous guerilla warfare was adopted by the Vietnamese and the U.S. succumbed under their tactics of warfare ending up being confused and losing their lives or being tremendously injured. Continuous war fought by them and barrage of continuous gun firing and ‘shell shock’ jeopardized the mental state of the U.S. soldiers as they were traumatized. They were seriously affected by mental disorders like depression, hallucinations suicidal tendencies, conflict in marriage relations etc. Mental shock among the soldier s also came from the pessimistic behavior of the country. They were treated as second class citizens and were cursed and sometimes recognized as ‘baby killers’. Discriminations were faced by them in unemployment scenario also. They were devoid of grants and pensions and proper healthcare. So the paper focuses on the description of the mental disorders faced by the Vietnam veterans like shell shock, combat exposure and mental disorders occurring from spraying herbicides like Agent Orange, effects on family satisfaction and functioning, treatment of the soldiers from the country and in the VA hospitals (Sitikoff). Research focus The research question addressed in this paper is what are the effects of Vietnam War on the mental state of the soldiers and what are its implications? The topic has been selected in order to examine the factors which led to the psychological disorders among the Vietnam War veterans. The justification behind the selection of this topic is to analy ze the kinds of mental constraints faced by these soldiers and also the reason why these brave heroes succumbed to mental disorders despite being a part of this prolonged warfare. Literature review The states of mental disorders prevalent among the soldiers are invasive memories, major depression, night mares and loss of concentration (Cromie). A reevaluated study of National Vietnam Veterans Readjustments Study (NVVRS) states that war related PTSD which was developed among the men during their lifetime was 18.7%. A study by the Centers for Disease Control found that Vietnam veterans suffering from psychological problems were approximately twice as compared to the military veterans of the other countries like Vietnam and Australia (Aneli and Hendrix, 87). Research Methods A study about the different types of mental challenges faced by the soldiers has been described in this paper. Firstly a backdrop of the war and an account of overall psychological torment and deprivations of the V ietnam War veterans is provided and then in a synchronized manner the paper concentrates on seeking answer to the research question. For analyzing the different aspects of the mental disorders faced by the Vietnam Veterans qualitative analysis have been adopted from secondary sources like journals and authentic books. The focus of the study is on issues like ‘Shell Shock’ (Wood), mental problems suffered from spraying toxic herbicides like Agent Orange for clearing the forests (Singer and Hodge). A major focus has been entailed on the comparative analysis between the Vietnamese soldiers and the American soldiers who fought the Vietnam War in order to